| Solar panel | Solar panel are instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using PV cells. These are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space warming, or power generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed scenery of gentle slopes, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, crucial for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power generated by the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It powers innumerable appliances and networks, supporting modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to run various digital equipment. It comprises several galvanic cells, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and utility connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and providing safe, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips direction cyclically, generally used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to measure the size, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, climate gauges, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are massive installations that capture sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They offer a renewable and sustainable energy power, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and generate power. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess energy generated from renewable energy or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, lower energy costs, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels documents the progress and advancements in solar power technology from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-performance solar arrays. It features key innovations, including the development of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have substantially boosted power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His tests laid the basis for grasping how illumination interacts with particular media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His research formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous research and development entity historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar cells. It is a solid, fragile solid material with a bluish-gray metallic luster, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system efficiency, allows for better system tracking, and improves power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to supply a green and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon serves as a elementary particle which represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which specific substances transform sunlight directly into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This event is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the harnessing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and permanent equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of power in the metric system, indicating the rate of energy movement or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the energy per unit charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the standard unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the metric system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electrical charge through a metal wire, usually measured in amperes. It is essential for powering electronic devices and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere represents the unit of electrical current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and size of power systems to maintain reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like cells or solar panels into AC suitable for household appliances. It enables the application of common electrical appliances in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically align the angle of photovoltaic panels to track the sun’s path throughout the day, optimizing power intake. This innovation boosts the effectiveness of solar energy collection by maintaining optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the power output of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the performance point to correspond to the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure provides the most efficient energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that tracks and analyzes the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in live, providing important data on energy production and system condition. It helps optimize solar energy output by detecting problems promptly and securing highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous small silicon crystals, frequently used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline form appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a continuous lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its homogeneous structure allows for better charge movement, resulting in superior functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a category of thin-film solar method that provides a economical and effective solution for massive solar energy harvesting. They are their great absorption capability and relatively affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that use a layered material of Cu, In, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their great absorption efficiency, bendability, and possibility for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular structure, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n connections stacked in unison to collect a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. They are mostly employed in space applications and high-performance solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electrical energy to operate onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, offering a affordable option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological uses. These films are vital in electronics, optics, and films for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material ranging from tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and healthcare, to change surface traits or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure small distances or thicknesses, generally in machining and production. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, circular segment of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the creation of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar units recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, perfect for various uses. They use a stratified semiconductor structure that turns sunlight directly into electricity with remarkable performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into energy using solar panels, supplying a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, renewable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to transform sunlight into electric power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for more affordable, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous semiconductor material used in thin-film solar modules due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an desirable option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations overview various massive solar energy installations around the globe, showcasing their power and sites. These facilities play a vital role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale installations that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable solution to traditional fuels, reducing ecological footprint and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the main fuels for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, mercury, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This expansion is changing the international energy scene by increasing the portion of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through instrument that bending light to converge or separate rays, producing images. It is frequently used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It enhances the sharpness and illumination of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes cancel each other out, leading to a reduction or total eradication of the resultant wave. This event generally happens when the waveforms are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a miniature component used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the panel level and simplifies installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in homes and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical coupling used to deliver DC energy from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a firm and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide security validation agency that assesses and endorses products to confirm they meet specific security requirements. It supports consumers and firms find reliable and protected products through rigorous review and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to move in one sense only, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, designed to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and attachments inside a automobile. It enables users to power electronic devices or operate small devices when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting devices to computers, enabling data transmission and power delivery. It backs a variety of devices such as input devices, pointer devices, external storage, and smartphones, with different generations delivering faster speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, all possessing different lengths and power. This spectrum is essential for numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling communication, medical imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a important role in such as vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on shades of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the dispersion and movement of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to depict the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of atmosphere with comparatively even thermal and dampness properties, originating from specific source zones. These air masses impact weather patterns and air conditions as they pass through various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, impacting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the buildup of debris, and foreign matter on the surface of solar arrays, which diminishes their output. Regular cleaning and servicing are important to minimize energy loss and guarantee maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a indicator of the maximum power generation of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak ability to create electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid element essential for plant growth and used in different industrial applications, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical properties that make it valuable in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant captures sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of employing land for both solar energy output and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides shade while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of multiple solar modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to generate renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that delivers shade and cover from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a pleasant area for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an viewer to a target object. It is commonly used in navigation, surveying, and celestial observation to define the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in driving solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to assess massive power generation production and consumption. It is generally associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on making thin-film solar panels that deliver high efficiency and economical energy production. The organization is committed to green energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly connecting various components of industrial and automated systems to improve performance and dependability. It aims on creating advanced solutions that enable efficient communication and cooperation among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese corporation specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar solar items and systems. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to represent the potential of massively scaled electricity production or consumption. It highlights the vast energy magnitude involved in modern energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production drops as overall production rises, due to learning and optimization obtained over time. This concept highlights the importance of learned skills in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or less than the cost of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that green energy technologies are financially viable with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a system of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is delivered through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar heating systems to produce heat. It is a green, sustainable, and eco-conscious energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and industrial settings to create renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy goods features a range of gadgets that harness sunlight to produce energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include everything from solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, providing flexible solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a facility that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight onto highly efficient solar cells, greatly boosting energy capture from a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable in areas with intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
