| Solar panel | Solar array are components that transform sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to convert heat, generally used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, famous sights, and vibrant cities like London. It boasts a varied terrain of rolling hills, ancient castles, and busy metropolitan areas that blend tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a form of power resulting from the motion of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous devices and networks, facilitating contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electric power to run various electronic gadgets. It consists of multiple electrochemical units, each comprising anode and cathode separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that changes DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and ensuring reliable, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity periodically, usually used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to determine the size, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale facilities that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations generally use batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells tracks the advancement and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the initial discovery of the solar effect to modern high-efficiency solar panels. It showcases key milestones, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly enhanced energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His tests laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with certain substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US creator who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its essential role in the production of electronics and solar panels. It is a solid, brittle crystal solid with a steel-gray shine, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system effectiveness, allows for improved performance monitoring, and increases energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a green and renewable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon is a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which certain materials transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the fundamental foundation behind solar cell technology, allowing the harnessing of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of energy conversion in the International System of Units, showing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the power per unit charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for powering electronic gadgets and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electrical current in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and capacity of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a convenient and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) from sources like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the operation of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack is a collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the orientation of solar modules to monitor the sun movement throughout the day, maximizing power intake. This innovation increases the effectiveness of solar energy collection by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the energy production of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process guarantees the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that observes and evaluates the performance of solar panel systems in instantaneous, providing valuable data on energy production and system condition. It aids enhance solar power output by identifying problems ahead of time and securing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many small silicon crystal structures, typically used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronics. Its consistent framework allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in better performance compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a category of film solar method that presents a affordable and high-performance option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are their excellent absorption efficiency and moderately affordable manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film solar cells that utilize a composite compound of copper, In, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their great light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for compact, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its affordability and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that employ multiple p-n junctions arranged in tandem to capture a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space applications and high-performance solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that convert sunlight into electric power to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its excellent electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for massive solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a affordable approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These coatings are important in electronic devices, optics, and films for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material spanning fractions of a nanometer to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and healthcare, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are high-precision devices used to accurately measure small distances or thicknesses, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a slender, round piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for producing semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar modules recognized for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for various uses. They use a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight straight into electricity with excellent performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into power using PV cells, offering a sustainable energy source for residential, business, and utility-scale applications. They offer a clean, renewable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to capture light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that use carbon-based compounds, to transform sunlight into electrical power. They are lightweight, flexible, and offer the potential for more affordable, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic substance used in laminate solar cells due to its abundant and safe elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an appealing substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as roofing, building exteriors, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations details various massive solar energy installations around the globe, demonstrating their output and locations. These plants function a important role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly solution to traditional fuels, decreasing environmental impact and promoting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are depleted when used. They are the main fuels for electricity generation and mobility but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical power. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as lead, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency measures how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable electrical energy. Improving this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This occurrence provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This expansion is changing the world energy sector by raising the share of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that refracts light to bring together or separate rays, producing images. It is commonly used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the sharpness and luminosity of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a decrease or total eradication of the resultant wave. This event typically happens when these waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally throughout its cycle, enabling efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a tiny component used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It improves system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in residences and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to deliver DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that provide a reliable and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global protection approval body that evaluates and approves products to confirm they meet certain security standards. It assists consumers and firms identify dependable and protected products through thorough assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this setup, the constant current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to flow in a single way exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, created to supply electrical power for various devices and attachments inside of a automobile. It enables users to charge electronic devices or operate small electronics when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to computers, enabling information exchange and electric power. It accommodates a variety of hardware such as keyboards, pointer devices, external storage devices, and smartphones, with multiple versions offering faster speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy generation and making solar power economical and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, extending from radio signals to gamma rays, all possessing varied lengths and energies. This band is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, healthcare imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It has a important role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on alterations of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to quantify the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the distribution and movement of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a big volume of atmosphere with relatively consistent temp and humidity properties, originating from specific origin areas. These airmass influence weather patterns and air states as they travel over diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dust, and other particles on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their output. Routine maintenance and care are essential to reduce energy decrease and ensure maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, going around the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power capacity of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak capacity to create electricity in standard testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to determine the potential difference between separate points in a circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element crucial for plant development and used in different industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that render it useful in manufacturing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, maximizing space and resources. This method enhances crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of several photovoltaic modules configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to deliver clean, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and cover from the weather for al fresco areas. It enhances the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a cozy space for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in navigation, surveying, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an object with respect to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates superb optical properties, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion W, used to quantify big power generation output and utilization. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, specializing in making thin film solar modules that deliver high-performance and low-cost power output. The organization is dedicated to sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly connecting various components of factory and automated systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It concentrates on creating cutting-edge solutions that facilitate seamless communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese firm focused on manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. Famous for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, often used to indicate the potential of massively scaled power production or consumption. It highlights the huge power extent involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost decreases as cumulative output rises, due to learning curve and optimization gained over time. This effect highlights the value of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or less than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that sustainable energy sources are economically comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a system of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a renewable, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, corporate, and manufacturing sites to produce renewable, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered items features a selection of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These items include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, providing versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight on highly efficient solar cells, considerably increasing power output from a smaller area. This method works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
