| Solar panel | Solar array serve as devices that transform sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and lively city hubs that blend history with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a kind of energy due to the motion of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels innumerable devices and networks, supporting today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various electronic gadgets. It includes one or more electrochemical units, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid integration. It is vital for optimizing energy use and ensuring safe, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips direction periodically, usually used in home and business power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It provides efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to measure the dimension, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This power is then sent wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess energy generated from green sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells documents the development and innovations in solar power tech from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to current advanced photovoltaic modules. It showcases major milestones, including the invention of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have greatly enhanced power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His experiments laid the foundation for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US innovator who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its crucial role in the production of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a tough, brittle crystal solid with a blue-grey shine, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little unit installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method improves system efficiency, allows for improved system tracking, and increases energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in photovoltaic systems to provide a sustainable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon serves as a elementary particle representing a unit of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the rate at which electric power is transferred by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the rate of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which causes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the power per unit charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the base unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per unit charge between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electricity through a metal wire, commonly measured in amperes. It is essential for powering electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electric current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and power of power systems to ensure reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for powering and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the application of standard electrical devices in locations where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to monitor the sun’s path throughout the daytime, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation increases the effectiveness of solar energy collection by ensuring best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power generation of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the working point to align with the optimal power point of the solar cells. This procedure ensures the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and analyzes the performance of solar power systems in real-time, offering useful data on energy production and system condition. It aids maximize solar energy output by detecting faults ahead of time and guaranteeing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar panels to power homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless tiny silicon crystals, typically used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and reforming silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline structure appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium form of silicon with a single lattice structure, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its uniform framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a kind of thin-film solar method that provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative for massive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their high absorption performance and comparatively low manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate solar cells that employ a layered compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into power efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent absorption performance, bendability, and capability for compact, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that employ multiple p-n junctions layered in unison to absorb a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that generate solar radiation into electrical energy to supply onboard systems. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, providing a economical solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are important in electronics, optics, and coatings for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a layer of compound ranging from fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in depth, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are precision gauges used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or depths, typically in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a narrow, round piece of silicon crystal used as the base for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the primary material in the fabrication of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their high efficiency and bendability, making them suitable for various uses. They use a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight directly into electricity with excellent effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic cells, supplying a green energy source for residential, business, and grid applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and generate electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that utilize organic materials, to turn sun's energy into electricity. They are compact, pliable, and enable more affordable, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous photovoltaic compound used in thin-film solar modules due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an appealing substitute for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations details various extensive solar energy installations around the planet, demonstrating their output and locations. These plants function a vital role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydropower. It offers a renewable option to traditional fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and promoting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the main fuels for electrical energy and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as Pb, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how well a solar cell generates sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy production and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is transforming the international energy scene by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through component that bends light to converge or spread out rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It improves the sharpness and brightness of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels negate each other, leading to a reduction or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon usually happens when the waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, permitting effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a compact component used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage and electric current regularly reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to deliver DC power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that provide a firm and dependable link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety certification agency that assesses and endorses products to guarantee they adhere to particular security norms. It assists consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and safe products through thorough assessment and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the same current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in a single sense exclusively, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, intended to supply electrical power for different devices and accessories inside of a car. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or use small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting devices to computing systems, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It supports a variety of peripherals such as input devices, mice, external storage, and smartphones, with different versions providing higher speeds and upgraded performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio waves to high-energy photons, all possessing varied wavelengths and power. This range is essential for a wide array of devices and the natural world, allowing data exchange, medical imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also result in skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on variations of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This layout approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to calculate the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the distribution and transfer of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large volume of air with fairly even temp and humidity properties, deriving from from specific starting regions. These airmass impact weather patterns and atmospheric situations as they move across different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the power per square meter received from the solar source in the type of light. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and servicing are important to minimize energy decrease and ensure optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the highest power capacity of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak potential to generate electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to determine the potential difference between separate points in a circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a semi-metal chemical element crucial for plant development and employed in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has special chemical traits that make it valuable in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined method of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that delivers shade and cover from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a comfortable area for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an viewer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in routing, mapping, and astronomy to indicate the bearing of an celestial body relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates outstanding optical features, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in promoting solar energy adoption and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to measure large-scale electricity generation and consumption. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar power solutions, expert in producing thin film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and economical energy production. The firm is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly connecting various elements of factory and automation systems to boost performance and dependability. It concentrates on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote seamless communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's corporation specializing in producing and developing photovoltaic solar goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often employed to indicate the ability of large-scale power generation or usage. It underscores the huge energy scale involved in modern energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production reduces as total output rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and improving productivity in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, green energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are economically comparable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a system of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the sun's rays using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in domestic, business, and industrial environments to produce clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of sun-powered items features a range of tools that harness sunlight to convert energy, promoting green and renewable living. These products include ranging from solar chargers and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, offering versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a plant that generates sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses plus mirrors focusing sunlight on highly efficient solar cells, significantly enhancing energy capture using less space. This approach is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
